WHO SMART Guidelines - HIV
0.3.0 - ci-build
WHO SMART Guidelines - HIV - Local Development build (v0.3.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions
This page lists and describes the human users and digital services that interact with the system, derived from the business requirements defined at the operational level (L2). For more details about end-users and related stakeholders, see the Generic Personas and the WHO Digital Adaptation Kit for HIV(link forthcoming).
Systems managing clinical and patient information are expected to interact with a shared health record, laboratory information system or a longitudinal health record, as appropriate, and to synchronize with data collected in a clinical encounter.
For additional actor definitions, see the Digital Documentation of COVID-19 Certificates (DDCC) Implementation Guide. Additionally, Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) maintains a repository with common actors used in IHE profiles.
In the clinical flows, generic personas are represented using profiles of the various entity resources in HL7 FHIR, such as Patient, Practitioner, PractitionerRole, and RelatedPerson.
| Name | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Client | Client | In the context of this document, a client is a person who is given medical care, which may include HIV prevention, care or treatment services. Clients may be HIV-positive or HIV-negative, or they may not know their HIV status. A client living with HIV may be enrolled to receive antiretroviral treatment (ART) and/or other HIV-related treatment and care. |
| CommunityHealthWorker | Community health worker | A person who provides health education, referral and follow-up, case management and basic preventive health care and home visiting services to specific communities. Examples of HIV services that they provide include HIV testing, distributing HIV self-test (HIVST) kits, counselling in the community, monitoring adherence to ART and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and drug pick- up, and following up and tracing lost patients. The occupation normally requires formal or informal training and supervision required by the health and social services authorities. |
| DataEntryClerk | Data entry clerk | An individual who helps to record, organize, store, compute and retrieve information, including patient records and registers. The knowledge and skills required are usually obtained through on- the-job training but may include post-secondary education. Clerks may also transcribe data, tally data, fill in routine reports and review the quality of data with others. |
| DistrictHealthInformationOfficer | District health information officer | A manager supervising the monitoring system to track quality of care and data. This person provides a link between the health centre and central level to ensure that patient monitoring needs are met (for example, adequate staffing, tools and other resources) and implements changes to data standards or norms . |
| KeyPopulations | Key populations | A member of a key population is someone who, due to specific higher-risk behaviours, is at an increased risk of HIV irrespective of the epidemic type or local context. Key population groups also often have legal and social issues related to their behaviours that increase their vulnerability to HIV. Five key populations are included in this kit: (1) men who have sex with men, (2) people who inject drugs, (3) people in prisons and other closed settings, (4) sex workers and (5) transgender people. Key populations are important to the dynamics of HIV transmission and are essential partners in an effective response to the epidemic. |
| LabTechnician | Lab technician | A person who performs clinical tests on specimens of bodily fluids and tissues in order to get information about the health of a patient, as well as conducts tests and operates equipment for analysis of biological material, including blood and urine. This person normally has completed formal training in biomedical science, medical technology or a related field. |
| Nurse | Nurse | A graduate who has been legally authorized (registered) to practice after examination by a state board of nurse examiners or similar regulatory authority. Education includes three, four or more years in nursing school, and it leads to a university or postgraduate university degree or the equivalent. A registered nurse has the full range of nursing skills. |
| Pharmacist | Pharmacist | The pharmacist stores, preserves, compounds and dispenses medicinal products, as well as counsels on the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by other health professionals. This individual has completed university-level training in pharmacy or pharmaceutical chemistry. |
| Physician | Physician | A legally qualified and licensed practitioner of medicine, concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, through the science of medicine and the applied practice of that science. A medical doctor requires training in a medical school. Gaining a basic medical degree may take from five to nine years, depending on the jurisdiction and the university providing the training. |
| SpecialPopulationClient | Special population client | A person from a specific group that requires or would benefit from differentiated client management or services. The groups may include key populations, paediatric or adolescent clients, adolescent girls and young women, pregnant or breastfeeding women, tuberculosis (TB) patients, serodiscordant partners and other specific priority populations. |
| SpecialistMedicalDoctor | Specialist medical doctor | A doctor who diagnoses, treats and prevents illness, disease, injury and other impairments using specialized testing and diagnostic, medical, surgical, physical and psychiatric techniques. These providers may also plan, supervise and evaluate the implementation of care and treatment plans by other health care providers. They specialize in certain disease categories, types of clients or methods of treatment and may conduct medical education and research activities in their chosen areas of specialization. |
| TrainedLayProvider | Trained lay provider | A person who has been trained and supervised to independently perform functions related to health care delivery and to deliver specific services but who has received no formal professional or paraprofessional certificate or tertiary educational degree. Peers can be trained to function as lay providers. |
| TrainedNonPhysicianClinician | Trained non-physician clinician | A professional health worker who is capable of many of the diagnostic and clinical functions of a physician but who is not trained as a physician. These types of health workers are an important cadre for HIV care and treatment in some countries. Normally, completion of tertiary-level training in theoretical and practical medical services. They work autonomously or with limited supervision of medical doctors and provide advisory, diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services more limited in scope and complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. |